S. alterniflora is a rhizomatous perennial grass that grows initially in round, genetically similar, clumps ranging between 0.5-3m in height, eventually forming extensive monoculture meadows. 0000008076 00000 n In addition, it has become established on the west coast of North America, and in England and southeastern France. trailer This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Figure 4. Please see. Native Range: Newfoundland to lower St. Lawrence R., Que, s. to NJ; Locally naturalized in w Europe (Fernald 1950) Appearance Spartina alterniflora is a perennial grass that expands via underground rhizomes. • The fungal community became more homogenized with the invasion. 10 Flowering panicle made of many spikes, 264 29 0000004635 00000 n 0000010661 00000 n Among invasive species, aquatic plants pose serious threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The rhizomes and scales of S. alterniflora have large air spaces, presumably an adaptation to the anaerobic soils of its usual habitat. Smooth cordgrass spreads rapidly by rhizomatous roots. 0000005687 00000 n 0 Inflorescence: 10-40 cm long (9-25 cm S. foliosa) with dense colorless flowers. BASIONYM: Spartina glabra Muhlenberg ex Elliott 1816; Dactylis maritima Walter 1788, non Curtis 1787. This basic field guide illustrates the most common plants in Virginia’s tidal salt marshes where the salinity range Spartina alterniflora . startxref Culms to 250 cm tall, (0.3)5-15(20) mm thick, erect, solitary or in small clumps, succulent, glabrous, having an unpleasant, sulphurous odor when fresh. Spartina alterniflora is found on muddy banks, usually of the intertidal zone, in eastern North and South America, but it is not known from Central America. The microcosm has a 38-cm spring tide range, with a neap to spring high tide difference of 9cm. Spikelets 8-14 mm, straight, usually divergent, more or less equally imbricate on all the branches. Expanding trade with China creates ecological backlash. Found along the shores of the middle and lower Chesapeake Bay and its tidal creeks and rivers. 0000001788 00000 n 0000014917 00000 n (Labr. or. In the native range of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflorain the United States, soil nematode genus richness and diversity decreased with increasing latitude, with genus richness at lower latitudes being almost twice that at higher latitudes. 2. The stems are hollow and hairless. Copyright for Volumes 24 and 25 is held by Utah State University. • glabra (Muhlenberg ex Elliott) Fernald, Rhodora 18: 178. 0000005386 00000 n A positive correlation between MTR and elevational growth range (r=0.91) demonstrated that the Spartina alterniflora zone expands with increasing tidal amplitude. The velocity zone, where 3 foot waves are expected in storms, is seaward of the MHW as shown on the plan. S. alterniflora pollen has a relatively limited range (1 to 3 m), and the reproductive stems produce small seeds (2 to 5 mm) that are dispersed via the tides (Davis et al. Geographic subdivisions for Spartina alterniflora: CCo (San Francisco Bay) MAP CONTROLS 1. It out-competes many of the native species in these habitats and frequently invades mud flats and channels, converting them to marshlands. 0000003336 00000 n Plants rhizomatous; rhizomes elongate, flaccid, white, scales inflated, not or only slightly imbricate. 0000008900 00000 n 0000012223 00000 n Spartina alterniflora is the dominant grass species found in coastal wetlands and along tidal shorelines of the eastern US. 2007; Hughes 2014), consistent with local adaptation. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in … Exposure to salt water is not a requirement for this species, but it will help produce healthier and longer living colonies. xref Spartina alterniflora is found on muddy banks, usually of the intertidal zone, in eastern North and South America, but it is not known from Central America. 1916. 0000003766 00000 n Chinese mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to the invasive species Spartina alterniflora (a perennial herb), which is native to North America and was introduced to China in 1979 to accelerate the deposition and stabilization of tidal flats [].In the past few decades, Spartina alterniflora has become one of the dominant species in the coastal wetlands in China due to its unique … Atlantic cordgrass. A narrow, unvegetated patch separates Spartina patens and tall form Spartina alterniflora near the mouth of the Herring River. It grows in low-lying, salt and brackish tidal marshes along the shores of the middle and lower Chesapeake Bay. Decaploid plants tend to be larger than octoploids, but they cannot be reliably distinguished without a chromosome count. 0000002370 00000 n Spartina alterniflora (Smooth Cordgrass) is a species of marsh grass native to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, where it is considered a valuable plant making important contributions to the coastal ecology: Its dense growth provides protection against storm surge and “erosion control along shorelines, canal banks, levees, and other areas of… It ranges from 2 to 7 feet tall and has leaf blades that are … Spartina alterniflora was introduced to the Yancheng coastal intertidal zone in 1979 (Xu et al., 1989), and a continuous area of S. alterniflora has formed since 2000. x�bb2d`b``Ń3� �� ��� 0000005609 00000 n 0000004129 00000 n Shoreline protection may be characterized as “hard,” such as rock revetments, or “soft,” ), N.S., P.E.I., Que., Maine, Md., Mass., Oreg. Delmarva Native Plants primarily grows Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), Spartina patens (salt meadow hay), and Distichlis spicata (spike grass) in 2″ plugs. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges. %PDF-1.4 %���� Create a free account to download. The native range of S.alterniflora, from Mexico in the Gulf of Mexico to Nova Scotia in North America, has a broad spectrum of abiotic conditions of temperature, growing degree GREAT ISLAND, WELLFLEET . S. alterniflora rhizome fragment survival over time for Willapa Bay plants.....5 Figure 2. S. alternifloracan spread vegetatively via under-ground rhizome expansion of individual clones, or it can reproduce sexually via wind-dispersed pollen. glabra Spartina alterniflora Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, var. THE GUT, WELLFLEET . Leaf sheaths of S. alterniflora and hybrids may be various shades of maroon at the base of the culms (white-green of S. foliosa). In addition, it has become established on the west coast of North America, and in England and southeastern France. Exposure to salt water is not a requirement for this species, but it will help produce healthier and longer living colonies. Our native plant nursery also has many other species available throughout the year. Smooth cordgrass spreads rapidly by rhizomatous roots. Spartina alterniflora is now a major weed problem in southeastern China (Normile 2004). , P.E.I., Que., Maine, Md., Mass., Oreg perennial grass with,... Community structure are expected in storms, is seaward of the Herring River ecosystem functions spartina alterniflora range. Seaward of the middle and lower Chesapeake Bay in Washington and California the coast! Held by Utah State University its tidal creeks and rivers at middle.! 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