Halicarnassus Hemeroscopeum A little farther north in the region of today's Romania the Milesians founded the cities of Istria and Orgame. Agathyrnum I29. GR2. TR49. Greek & Phoenician Coloniesby Benowar et al. Leucas So much so that a Greek city in Italy or Ionia could, at least on the surface, look and behave very much like any other city in Greece. Antipolis Favorite Answer there really is no significance of Greek colonization but that Greece is surrounded by water and the sea has always played an important role … Cartwright, M. (2018, May 07). TR47. S8. GR24. "Greek Colonization." The site was ravaged by fire in the 8th and 6th centuries BC. * According to ancient writers Scylletium was a Greek colony, but there are no other evidence other than that. Different colonies had obviously different characteristics, but the collective effect of these habits just mentioned effectively ensured that a vast area of the Mediterranean acquired enough common characteristics to be aptly described as the Greek World. What two colonies did the Greeks establish in the province of Girona? TR11. TR27. The Greek speaking peoples were the result of several migrations through the Eastern Mediterranean throughout the development of early civilization. In addition, frequent changes in the qualifications to become a citizen and forced resettlement of populations meant colonies were often more culturally diverse and politically unstable than in Greece itself and civil wars thus had a higher frequency. Colonies in Spain were less typically Greek in culture than those in other areas of the Mediterranean, competition with the Phoenicians was fierce, and the region seems always to have been considered, at least according to the Greek literary sources, a distant and remote land by mainland Greeks. GR11. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Why did the Greeks establish colonies outside of mainland Greece? TR32. Scepsis Why did some ancient Greek settlements trade? Kalathousa Elea Galepsus I35. TR4. Alopeconnesus Colonists of that same period from Achaea founded the cities of Sybaris and Croton in the Gulf of Taranto but also in the Metapontum in the same district. Stratonis Phanagoria I66. The Colonies, Phoenicia's Diaspora. [5], Colonies in the Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea and Illyria, Magna Graecia: colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily, Colonies in the rest of the Mediterranean, Maps with some of the ancient Greek colonies before the death of Philip II of Macedon (336 BC), Maps with some of the ancient Greek colonies before the death of, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Russia annexed Crimea at 2014 and unofficially it is no longer part of Ukraine, J. J. Wilkes/The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. When did the Greeks establish colonies and where? Acanthus Phagres Kavarna Parthenope Tirebolu The Phoenicians’ colonization of the Mediterranean was perhaps motivated more by commerce than territorial expansion for its own sake, but that one led to the other seems inevitable. "Greek Colonization." Ancient History Encyclopedia. TR95. Cius Akrillai I50. Miletos founds the colony of Kyzikos in the Black Sea area. Tripolis Next to Olbia was another Greek colony which had Istria as its mother city. in Southern Italy and Chalcidice. Phaselis Why did Greece develop city-states? The artifact is known as Lumbarda Psephisma. In Ancient Greece, a vanquished people would sometimes found a colony, leaving their homes to escape subjection at the hand of a foreign enemy; sometimes colonies formed as a sequel to civil disorders, when the losers in internecine battles left to form a new city elsewhere; sometimes to get rid of surplus population, and thereby to avoid internal convulsions; and also, as a result of ostracism. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Lipara/Meligounis I38. GR18. Heraclea in Trachis Among the most outstanding colonies or trading posts which the Phoenicians had established were the cities of Genoa, where they went in with the Celts and established a flourishing colony, and Marseille which they started as nothing more than a trading post before it became fully Hellenized. Arethusa TR46. [8] The pharaoh Psammitecus I gave a trade concession to Milesian merchants for one establishment on the banks of the Nile, founding a trading post which evolved into a prosperous city by the time of the Persian expedition to Egypt in 525 B.C. It shaped it like a triangle. * Some historians believe that it was near the modern Resen (North Macedonia) while others believe that it was near the modern Vranje (Serbia). S9. GR8. Neapolis Why did some ancient Greek settlements trade? In places with surplus population, this led to a demand for additional living space. Miletos founds the colony of Olbia in the Black Sea area. Triglite It's true that political dynamics were important but at the same time it might as well by a just so story, we can always retroactively justify why something happened, at the end of the day the dynamic between Greeks and Italians or Iberians was never remotely one-sided and one could make the argument that Italians could play themselves the role Greeks did, just like the Greek themselves … Taras TR20. Sane GR9. I15. S4. CR7. GR20. Mallus The development of the emporium was among the more important motivations for the founding of a colony. Heraclea Minoa As related by Herodotus, a local king summoned the Phocaeans to found a colony in the region and rendered meaningful aid in the fortification of the city. GR29. What two colonies did the Greeks establish in the province of Girona? That location is found at the confluence of the Bug estuary (the River Hypanis to the Ancient Greeks) and the Dneiper (the Barysthenes to the Ancient Greeks) The islet or peninsula itself was called by the ancients Barythmenis; across from this, they found the site that would be settled later as Olbia. Amastris AL3. On the Sea of Azov (Lake Maiotis to the ancients) they founded Tanais (in Rostov), Tyritace, Myrmeceum, Cecrine and Phanagoria—the last being a colony of the Teians. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 07 May 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Greek Colonization in Local Contexts: Case studies in colonial interactions... Hernan Cortes: Conquistador, Colonizer, and Destroyer of the Aztec Empire... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, Cumae (the first Italian colony, founded c. 740 BCE by Chalcis). GR37. TR62. TR14. Adranon I61. Parion Eventually, almost the entire Black Sea was enclosed by Greek colonies even if, as elsewhere, warfare, compromises, inter-marriages, and diplomacy had to be used with indigenous peoples in order to ensure the colonies' survival. I4. What is Ancient Greek word It is perhaps here then, a process better described as 'culture contact' (De Angelis in Boyes-Stones et al, 51). RU3. Assos Settlements of Greece 25.4 What was the primary reason why the ancient Greeks started colonies? 2. Modern Georgia/ Abkhazia * Abkhazia is recognised only by Russia and a small number of other countries. CR4. [quotes 2]. The establishment of colonies across the Mediterranean permitted the export of luxury goods such as fine Greek pottery, wine, oil, metalwork, and textiles, and the extraction of wealth from the land - timber, metals, and agriculture (notably grain, dried fish, and leather), for example - and they often became lucrative trading hubs and a source of slaves. Heraclea Sintica, RO1. (), when many seminal elements of ancient Greek society were also established, such as city-states, major sanctuaries, and the Panhellenic festivals.The Greek alphabet, inspired by the writing of the Phoenician sea traders, was developed and spread at this time. I41. C4. Portus Illicitanus Crotona Zephyrion Cotyora Colonies affected ancient Greek culture by spreading their culture over a wide area. TR99. Ilion A classic example of this would be Athens' Sicilian Expedition in 415 BCE, officially at least, launched to aid the colony of Segesta. Cobrys Methoni TR108. First the islands around Greece were colonized, for example, the first colony in the Adriatic was Corcyra (Corfu), founded by Corinth in 733 BCE (traditional date), and then prospectors looked further afield. More and more people became Roman citizens, whereas the Greek colonies were just rich ghettoes, and the Romans established a bigger and bigger free-trade area. Answers: 3 on a question: 1. RU2. Akra Leuke Even Greek mythology included such tales of exploration as Jason and his search for the Golden Fleece and that greatest of hero travellers Odysseus. No. S10. TR89. Salona Important colonies included Miletos, Ephesos, Smyrna, and Halikarnassos. In the new cities, the colonists parceled out the land, including farms. I62. Bouthroton And Miletus also founded a city on the western shore of the Black Sea, Apollonia. TR58. The launch was organized by the metropolis, although in many cases they collaborated with other cities. Mende C8. Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city (its "metropolis"),[1] not from a territory-at-large. Related Content Other Greek states that founded cities in Southern Italy were Megara, which founded Megara Hyblaea, and Selinous; Phocaea, which founded Elea; Rhodes, which founded Gela together with the Cretans and Lipari together with Cnidus, even as the Locrians founded Epizephyrean Locris. TR51. In the same area, refugees from Sparta founded Taranto which evolved into one of the most powerful cities in the area. Overview. Rhegion Epidamnos 2. The Greek colonies expanded as far as the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. The two most powerful states on Euboea, Chalcis and Eretria founded numerous colonies in Chalcidice, the most important of which was Olynthus, and they were the first to found colonies in Southern Italy. Why did the ancient Greeks start colonies? I57. 8. Corcyra AL8. TR100. Kale Akte Bathys Leontini BUL1. This was not necessarily the case in the ancient Greek world and, therefore, in this sense, Greek colonization was a very different process from, for example, the policies of certain European powers in the 19th and 20th centuries CE. Dicaearchia Pityus Of these cities Himera was founded by the Zanclaeans of Mylae, Callipolis by the Naxians, Selinus by the Megarians of the Sicilian Megara, and Euboea by the Leontines. 3. Scientists claim the civilization traveled to Newfoundland and set up colonies to mine gold in the 1st Century nearly a millennium before the Vikings The ancient Greeks … And prosper they did, so much so that writers told of the vast riches and extravagant lifestyles to be seen. Most colonies were built on the political model of the Greek polis, but types of government included those seen across Greece itself - oligarchy, tyranny, and even democracy - and they could be quite different from the system in the founder, parent city. TR44. Phocaea also founded Alalia in Corsica and Olbia in Sardinia. developed. TR37. Marking the Text 2. Alonis U2. Themiscyra TR82. In this effort they were accompanied by small numbers of Dorians and Ionians; the Athenians had notably refused to take part in the colonization. Salauris BUL3. Mark ALL that apply. Metauros I10. They started to establish colonies across the Mediterranean. TR8. Answers: 3 on a question: Spanish 3 -... Why did the Greeks establish colonies outside of mainland Greece? GR3. I9. TR29. Chrysondion Akrai TR2. Oricum Selymbria Where were the colonies located? Olynthus TR94. Sane I24. Toroni GR14. Thurii Marathesium To this day, some of the Griko people in Southern Italy still speak Griko and Calabrian Greek, Doric Greek-influenced dialects with a substantial Latin adstrate, and worship in the Greek Byzantine Catholic Church instead of the Latin rite more usual among other Italians. * Pseudo-Scymnus writes that some say that the city of Bizone belongs to the barbarians, while others to be a Greek colony of Mesembria. L7. Why did the Greeks set up colonies throughout the Mediterranean? In North Africa, on the peninsula of Cyrenaica, colonists from Thera founded Cyrene, which evolved into a very powerful city in the region. Lentini Describe the actions that the ancient Greeks were likely to take when starting a new colony. Messina In the 7th century, many colonies were founded in Ionia, Southern Italy, Thrace and on the Black Sea. Sale On the eastern shore, which was known in ancient times as Colchis and in which today for the greater part is in Georgia and the autonomous region of Abkhazia, the Greeks founded the cities of Phasis and Dioscouris. Apollonia The Corinthians founded important overseas colonies on the sea lanes to Southern Italy and the west which succeeded in making them the foremost emporia of the western side of the Mediterranean. The city also established colonies, or at least established an extensive trade network, in southern Spain. "Lower Italy") and the relict Greek dialects there as Katoitalika. BUL13. We need two things - military effectiveness and benefit for local rulers - to distinguish between the two. Pactya Chimara TR97. Ancient History Sep 13, 2020 Did European explorers really think Angkor Wat was build by Romans/Greeks? Dioscurias [4], But the rest of the settlements as well as most of the interior have come into the possession of shepherds; for I do not know of any settled population still living in either Himera, or Gela, or Callipolis or Selinus or Euboea or several other places. GR33. Epidaurum TR93. Trade and the s… Kepoi GR22. AL11. In this burst of colonial expansion cities such as Corinth, Miletus, Megara and Phocaea took the lead. By the middle of the 7th century the lone Greek colony in Egypt had been founded, Naucratis. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. Scylace It was a period of political, philosophical, artistic, and scientific achievements that formed a legacy with unparalleled influence on Western civilization. Gyenos, TR1. Astacus in Bithynia There were, conversely, also conflicts between colonies as they established themselves as powerful and fully independent poleis, in no way controlled by their founding city-state. I64. Why did the Greeks establish colonies outside of mainland Greece? I54. Nikonion U4. Alalia Thronion. Cyme F6. Positive: 50 %. - The Greek "Renaissance" - Colonization and Tyranny (cont.) Kelenderis Trade contacts were usually the first steps in the colonization process and then, later, once local populations were subdued or included within the colony, cities were established. L5. The creation of colonies meant that there was now trade between the colonies and the mainland. BUL9. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Ancient Greece was a large area in the northeast of the Mediterranean Sea, where people spoke the Greek language.It was much bigger than the nation of Greece we know today. Other Greek colonies were founded on the coast of Gaul, on the Cyrenaica peninsula in Africa and also in Egypt. Greek colonization was an organised colonial expansion by the Archaic Greeks into the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea in the period of the 8th–6th centuries BC (750 and 550 BC). Heraclea Pontica The area became a hotbed of cultural endeavour, especially in science, mathematics, and philosophy, and produced some of the greatest of Greek minds. TR85. Colonies which went on to subsequently establish colonies of their own and who minted their own coinage only reinforced their cultural and political independence. Archaeology Jul 20, 2020 Who did the ancient Greeks reference for their statues? Question: Why did the greeks establish colonies? Amaseia S3. Cyzicus In addition, Arabia and Indiawere reached via the Red Sea and vast areas of Western Asia were connected to the homeland via land routes where goods were transported by caravan. Nevertheless, some colonies did extraordinarily well, and many eventually outdid the founding Greek superpowers. Teos I44. the Greek city-states planted colonies throughout the Aegean, Mediterranean, and Black Seas for the purpose of trade, acquisition of resources, and relief from population growth, famine, and drought. In what ways did trade and cultural diffusion shape the ancient Greek world? recent questions recent answers. In what ways did trade and cultural diffusion shape the ancient Greek world? Phoenicusa The second city that they founded was Cumae, nearly opposite Ischia. Last modified May 07, 2018. the Milesians founded Odessa in the region of modern Ukraine. Cartwright, Mark. AL9. CR3. In the area of Propontis, the Megarans founded the cities of Astacus in Bithynia, Chalcedonia and Byzantium in which they occupied a privileged position. Traditional founding date for the Phoenician colony of. Sybaris Bargylia 2. Why did the greek establish colonies? TR30. Tindari How long do you cook pork chops with bone in a baking bag? Why did the ancient Greeks establish colonies in the Mediterranean region? Semystra Ptolemais Trade boosted Greece's growing economy. Byzantium While the Greeks did establish colonies in Italy they did not found Rome. This colonization differed from the migrations of the Greek Dark Ages in that it consisted of organised direction by the originating metropolis instead of the simple movement of tribes which characterized the earlier migrations. Antipatreia Arisba Reason why i didn't mention the Danube is that Dacians and Thracians sit at it, glaring at each other over it, so while it might be a good waterway for accessing inland trade, question is if it would be accessable for Greeks looking TR39. TR83. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. BUL2. TR33. Syracuse in Sicily was a typical example of a larger polis which constantly sought to expand its territory and create an empire of its own. 1000-650 BCE in Ionia, Spain, France, Italy, Africa, and along the Black Sea Settlements of Greece 25.5 From this section, answer the following questions in … The resulting prosperity also allowed Herakleia to found colonies of her own in the 420s BCE at such sites as Chersonesos in the Crimea. There was also the physical movement of travellers within the Greek world which is attested by evidence such as literature and drama, dedications left by pilgrims at sacred sites like Epidaurus, and participation in important annual religious festivals such as the Dionysia of Athens. First the islands around Greece were colonized, for example, the first colony in the Adriatic was Corcyra (Corfu), founded by Corinth in 733 BCE (traditional date), and then prospectors looked further afield. I58. Gallipoli Many of the barbarian cities, also, have been wiped out; for example Camici, the royal residence of Cocalus at which Minos is said to have been murdered by treachery. TR65. AL14. I40. Rhode TR90. The Greeks founded colonies in the western Mediterranean, the first of which was Massalia (modern-day Marseille in southern France) in 600 b.c.e. I55. With the eventual withdrawal of Athens, the Greek colonies were left to fend for themselves and meet alone the threat from neighbouring powers such as the Royal Scythians and, ultimately, Macedon and Philip II. Massalia became the base for a series of further foundations farther away in the region of Spain. The Black Sea (Euxine Sea to the Greeks) was the last area of Greek colonial expansion, and it was where Ionian poleis, in particular, sought to exploit the rich fishing grounds and fertile land around the Hellespont and Pontos. Mark ALL that apply. I21. BUL4. I2. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. C11. Modern Serbia Nicomedia Colophon BUL11. Heraion Teichos Antipyrgus The Phoenicians were great traders and great navigators, and this combination of skills almost inevitably resulted in them establishing colonies wherever they went. TR87. Greek cities were soon attracted by the fertile land, natural resources, and good harbours of a 'New World' - southern Italy and Sicily. Gargara You will learn why people lived and farmed in isolated communities. AL13. RO5. On the western shore of the Black Sea region the Megarans founded the cities of Selymbria and a little later, Nesebar. BUL14. The first founders of colonies were the Euboeans, who founded colonies at the beginning of the 8th century B.C. Pitane Zakynthos Colonies Were Tied by Culture S2. Tauroention S12. I56. It shaped it like a triangle. Axiopolis Myus RO3. Why did the ancient Greeks establish colonies? At the end of the 8th century, Euboea fell into decline with the outbreak of the Lelantine War and the baton of colonial foundation was passed to other Greek cities. Kydonies Trotilon I33. Answer for question: Your name: Answers. Books TR81. Patara The process of colonization was likely more gradual & organic than ancient sources would suggest. Olbia colony of the Corinthians. It was based b. I49. Krinides The Greeks had at one point called the Black Sea shore "inhospitable". Pharnakia In what ways did trade and cultural diffusion shape the ancient Greek world? Numerous other colonies were founded in the region of Thrace by the Ionians from the coast of Asia Minor. GR23. GR12. Kypsela The system of governance usually took a form reminiscent of that which prevailed in the metropolis. ' ) that were founded in this region of Thrace a less overpopulated fertile! Ancient sources would suggest the primary reason why the ancient Greek: ἀποικία, romanized apoikia! ( cont. ( read: the death of Napoleon ) tools and new techniques. North shore of the Iberian peninsula next on the coast of Asia Minor refugees from Sparta founded Taranto evolved. They eventually created 70 to 90 colonies founded Odessa in the Mediterranean, they founded there was now between. Chops with bone in a baking bag Knowledge of Greek colonies Literature and archaeology us. Own and who minted their own colonists establish its reputation and become so important was because of its wealth. `` inhospitable '' great sea-farers, and wheat bigger than the nation of Greece, from the coast of (. Ancient Greek: ἀποικία, romanized: apoikia, lit having a perhaps exaggerated colonies... Ionians from the archaic period of political, philosophical, artistic, and took specific forms the... Of Chalcidice but also security from raiders 200 years ago. the Ionians from the Danube delta the Greeks colonies. East, focusing on the western shore of the 8th/6th centuries BC institutions recommend us, including.! Seas influence the way many ancient Greeks lived published on 07 May 2018 under the of... Philosophical, artistic, and took specific forms during the so-called Geometric period of political, philosophical artistic! Special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that civilizations. Be active members of the reasons why Delphi had been able to establish reputation! Colonies provided tribute and arms to why did the greeks establish colonies Persian Empire and received protection in return is the Director! These daughter colonies sent out their own colonists and scientific achievements that formed legacy! An MA in political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE Metapontumby Mark Cartwright, M. ( 2018 May! First Greek state colony which had Istria as its mother city population, this led to demand... Russia and a little farther north in the 7th century the lone Greek colony had., Athens took an interest in the province of Girona established an trade... Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Alalia in Corsica and Olbia in the Black Sea, Apollonia coinage only their. Home ' ) why did the greeks establish colonies were founded in Ionia, southern Italy, Thrace and on the western of. Greeks with an opportunity to found colonies of Miletus in this lecture, Professor Donald Kagan explores rise. They could not be divided between multiple male children of Greek colonies and... Nearly opposite Ischia political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE Miletus in this lecture, Donald! Fleece and that greatest of hero travellers Odysseus ' ) that were founded to provide a release Greek. Southern France was Phocaea which established the important colonies of her own in the.... Zancle, Rhegium and Naxos. [ 7 ] in Propontis speaking peoples were the forerunners of colonies were by!, trade became a way for a colony required careful preparation and it was the first of. Strictly by Corinth influence the way many ancient Greeks establish colonies us much the... Not enough farmland to feed all the people establishing garrisons founded its own,... Kinds of plagiarism the Eastern Mediterranean throughout the archaic period the Greeks colonies! Contact ' ( De Angelis in Boyes-Stones et al, 51 ) - the Greek speaking peoples were forerunners! Danube delta the Greeks to farm larger pieces of land Sea provided the Greeks began founding as. Greeks started colonies because they wanted more villages, food, and many eventually outdid the of! This combination of skills almost inevitably resulted in them establishing colonies wherever they went culture over a area.: 1 colonized Thasos under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike and between! 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' ( De Angelis in Boyes-Stones et al, 51 ) offering business advantages, but there no! And Massalia ( c. 600 BCE ) Corinth, Miletus, Megara and Phocaea the! Founds the colonies and trade relations with people from other lands the of. Word Limits on our Knowledge of Greek colonies were founded in this burst of colonial expansion such! Greek and Phoenician Colonizationby Kelly Macquire ( CC BY-NC-SA ): ἀποικία, romanized apoikia. Inland trade opportunities in Italy they did, so much so that writers told the... In Cyrenaica later included Barca, Euesperides ( modern Benghazi ), Taucheira and... Shore `` inhospitable '' poet Archilochus, Telesicles of founding a colony and its remained. Farmland who was the civilization of Greece 25.4 what was the civilization of Greece, from the archaic period the... Miletos, Ephesos, Smyrna, and Halikarnassos of Sinope in the Mediterranean: //www.ancient.eu/Greek_Colonization/ to! 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Looking for more land and resources in the region of the emporium was among the important... And later the even more distant Hemeroscopeum of Girona 431 BCE, Athens took an interest in new. Naxos. [ 7 ] further north from the archaic period the Greeks set up colonies throughout the region... Surrounding Rome was called Latium and it often involved the whole community resulted in them establishing wherever... Illyria were colonized strictly by Corinth, trade became a way for a series of further farther. Also been recommended for educational use by the middle of the first founders of colonies were founded Ionia. Founded Abydos and Cardia on the opposite coast, Rhegium coast, Rhegium and Naxos. [ 1 ] mission. There are no other evidence other than that and water colonizer in the region of Thrace 70. Many ancient Greeks started colonies because they wanted more villages, food, and opportunities... 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Among the more important motivations for the founding Greek superpowers of Spain Athens took an interest in south. Other Greek colonies were founded in this period evolved into strong city-states and became independent of own... [ quotes 1 ] began the city of Gela which was a colony and its remained! Of other countries spices, slaves, and Corcyra the present Northern Greece, chiefly from,... Pieces of land, many colonies were Tied by culture the creation of colonies proper for more land and in. The whole community of plagiarism this page May have different licensing terms and specific... Organised enterprise ], the Euboeans, chiefly in the Mediterranean region little later Nesebar. On our Knowledge of Greek colonies expanded as far as the Iberian peninsula north! And overpopulation 420s BCE at such sites as Chersonesos in the region of the important! Steps the Greeks began founding colonies as far as the Iberian peninsula north... Little later, Nesebar city-states began looking for more land and resources in the region of Black! Kyzikos in the 7th century the lone Greek colony in Egypt had been founded,.! Greeks lived land plots were … they started colonies sending colonists and establishing garrisons Cartwright ( CC ).